AutoZone’s Stock Essay

AutoZone’s shareholders had enjoyed strong price appreciation since 1997, with an average annual return of 11.5%. Over the previous five years, AutoZone’s stock price has increased dramatically. On February 1. 2012 the stock price was $348 compared to the $125 on February 1. 2007. The strong price appreciation resulted from several occurrences; some of them are U.S. economy recession and share repurchase program. Auto-part business was somewhat counter-cyclical. Company’s growth and stock price were directly related to the economy and number of miles a vehicle had been driven. As the age of car increased, more repairs were required. Because of these reasons, AutoZone’s stock price was significantly improving from 2008. AutoZone’s financial statements reflect the stock price performance. Net sales have increased for 30.85% from 2007 to 2011. Cost of sales also increased during that period, but at lower rate of 27.30%, what helped in additional improv ement of gross profit. AutoZone’s increasing operating profit indicates the efficiency and profitability of the company. Further, the increase of operating profit led to the slight increase of operating margin, from 17.10% in 2007 to 18.52% in 2011. One financial measure that is strongly related to the stock price performance is EPS. EPS, a key driver of stock price, have been increasing at an extremely high rate. From 2007 to 2011, basic EPS have increased for 131%, and diluted EPS have increased for 128%. Another important financial measure is PEG ratio. PEG ratio is been constantly decreasing, which is a good sign for the company and investors. Decrease of PEG ratio signals a greater value for AutoZone’s company, because its investors are going to pay less for each unit of earnings growth. How does a stock repurchase work? Why would a company use this tactic? What impact does it have on: EPS? ROIC? Stock repurchase is one of the methods of returning cash back to its investors. A company buys back its own shares either from marketplace or from their own shareholders who want to sell their shares. Buying a shares back, company is reducing the number of shares outstanding, increasing the shareholders’ value and raising the price of the stock. Company can also use this method to: prevent a hostile takeover cover up poor performance create more attractive financial ratios signal the market that the company is strong create tax efficient way to return investors’ money The biggest impact of share repurchasing program is evident in EPS of the company. EPS is calculated as Net Income divided by the average outstanding shares. Since buying back its own shares is reducing the number of shares outstanding, it automatically increases the EPS. In 2007, AutoZone’s Net Income was $595,672 and the number of shares outstanding was 69,844. This resulted in $8.53 EPS. If we suppose that the income is going to stay the same, but the number of shares outstanding is going to decrease for 5,000, then we get a higher EPS of $9.19. This is how a share repurchase work. It reduces the number of shares outstanding, resulting in improved EPS. Share repurchase also affect the ROIC, which is one of the best metrics to evaluate corporates performance. ROIC eliminates much of the non-economic accounting noise and impacts of financial leverage. AutoZone’s management was very focused on this measurement, because ROIC was a primary way to measure value creation fo r the company’s capital providers. On the balance sheet, a share repurchase will reduce a company’s cash holdings, and therefore reducing the total assets and total shareholders’ equity. As a result, ROIC will improve subsequent to a share repurchase. It is noticeable that the growth was accelerated from 2008, when the economy recession occurred. Together with share repurchase program, this two effect had a large impact on creating a desirable ROIC. Taken all of these into account, AutoZone’s ROIC is indicating that the company offers a strong returns for its investors. How much of AutoZone’s stock price performance should we attribute to the share repurchase program? Share repurchase program is strongly related to the increase of AutoZone’s stock price. Share repurchase program, as mentioned above, reduces the number of shares outstanding, and therefore, creates a strong EPS and increases the price of the stock. EPS is one of the most important measures that investors look at because EPS measures company’s performance. In 2007, AutoZone had 69,844 shares outstanding, while in 2011 the number of shares was reduced to 43,603. This led to an increase of 128% in EPS, from $8.53 in 2007, to $19.47 in 2011. Next, the stock price increased from $120 to $298 in the same time period. Given the same capital value for AutoZone Company, more shares outstanding will result in lower share price, while reduced number of shares outstanding will impact the price of a share to grow. Q#4. Assume that AutoZone is planning to stop its share repurchase program. What would be the best alternative use of those cash flows? Why? If we assume that AutoZone is going to quit its share repurchase program, the best alternative to use the cash flows would be to expand its business,  either by opening a new stores or by acquisition. The first proposition considers opening a new stores in domestic and foreign markets. The expansion is necessary to override the competition and to keep its position of leading retailer of automotive replacement parts and accessories in the United States. Leading retailer position in the U.S. gives AutoZone more motivation to expand overseas. AutoZone already owns some stores outside the U.S., in Puerto Rico and Mexico. Those stores have been operating successfully, giving a company more reasons to continue with its overseas investments. Next AutoZone’s target is Brazilian market. Company’s plan is to expand there over the next several years. Overseas investments can be very profitable for AutoZone, but they also bear a lot of risk. All investments should be developed very carefully, with a high level of cautions and with expertise person for targeted markets in their management. The second proposition is growth by acquisition. U.S. market became oversaturated with auto part stores in the last couple of years. Even though AutoZone’s management was not seeing any signs of oversaturation at that time, that doesn’t mean that they will not see it in the near future. I believe there are still some free attractive locations in the U.S., but at some point, most of the good locations will be covered by the auto parts retail stores, and the remaining locations would not be a profitable investment. Another reason for acquisition is that such stores would be profitable much more quickly than it would be opening of a new stores. The return time for AutoZone would be shorten. So far, AutoZone has acquired over 800 stores from competitors.   What should Johnson do about his holdings of AutoZone shares? Johnson had one of his largest holdings in AutoZone’s company. The fact that Johnson was concerned about is that Lampert, AutoZone’s main shareholder, was rapidly liquidating his stake in the company. Johnson was concerned about the future performance of the stock price. He was not sure what the Lampert’s reason for liquidating his stake was. This can also have a negative influence on other investors. Lumpert’s liquidation is not necessarily a bad sign. The reason for his liquidation might be the need for funds or some other personal reasons. I believe that Johnson should keep his  holdings in AutoZone’s company. AutoZone’s financial measures indicates that the company is been constantly improving. The most important measures for investors, EPS, ROIC and stock price, are been increasing at a desirable rates. AutoZone’s investors have been enjoying strong price appreciation, and I believe they will enjoy it also in the future. Lumpert’s liquidation should not affect the share repurchase program. Company should continue with its share repurchase program even after Lampert liquidates all his stake. There is no signs in financial statements that the company is going to have a decrease in the stock price. AutoZone has created a desirable value for the company over the long time period and I believe in the continuing future growth of this company.

Human resource manageent Essay

Understand the difference between personal management and human resource management 1. 1 Distinguish between personal management and human resource management Human resource management is the study of human resources who are people and work in an organization. There are various definitions of human resource management. Armstrong (2009), states that human resource management is concerned with all aspects of how people are employed and managed in organization. This definition is broad and makes clear about human resource management. According to this definition HRM covers all the activities like human capital management, corporate social responsibility, knowledge management, organizational development, performance management, employee relation, reward management which happens in organization for managing people. In other definition Randawa (2007) describes human resource management refers to the policies and practices involved in carrying out the people of human resource aspect of a management position. Armstrong (2009), states that the objective of the human resource management is to ensure that the organization is able to achieve success through people. Human resource management is an organizational function that deals with people in selecting, recruiting, training, communicating, motivating them. On the hand, the domain of the Human resource management is to plan, organise, direct and control the process of these activities into the organization. Personal management is also used to describe the management of people in the organization. Since the last few decades these two concepts have been taken interchangeably. But few scholars still raise the issues to describe these two concepts separately. However the study of human resource management says that the personal management is related to human resources that occupies the functions that deals with the employment of people within the organizations. Cole (2002) argues that personal management describes the same genre of management activity in such organizations. Cole explores the values and importance of personal management and says that personal management has been used to describe t he function of management that deals with the recruitment, employment, training, deployment, safety and departure of employees. Personal management aims to achieve specific efficiency and  justice in managing people because it is more concerned with the role and responsibility of the employees into organizations. It is concerned with job satisfaction, pay, promotion and motivation of employees. For example, job satisfaction and motivation can be judged personally that show the personal management has related with the overall study of human resource of management. It also includes developing and implementing the policies to create supportive environment for the employees. But the recent debate has tried to identify some few separate distinctions in effect of application of personal and human resource management. According to Cole (2002) the following distinctions are given: Personal management covers Human resource management covers 1. Servicing role 2. special department 3. Emphasis on procedures 4. Less flexible approach to staff 5. Focus on employees’ needs 1. Innovative role 2. General Management activity 3. Emphasis on strategy 4. flexible approach 5. Focus on employees requirements 1.2 Access the functions of human resource management of your chosen company Human resource management functions are known as its tasks performed in an organization to provide coordination of human resources. Pattanayak (2005) states that human resource functions are concerned with a variety of activities that significantly influence almost all areas of an organization. HRM functions can be divided into two parts. 1. Primary functions 2. Secondary functions To describe the functions of human resource management I have chosen Tesco which is the biggest and popular supermarket in the UK. Tesco sells foods, daily needs goods, beverages, and electronics. Tesco has extended its storesc  in other countries out of the UK. The goals of the human resource management are to increase the business by using the human resources perfectly. The proper use of human resource brings growth, profitability, competitiveness in the business. Primary functions of human resource management 1. Human resource planning: Planning is related to manage the demand and supply factors of human resource in organizations. Human resource is a basic resource of the organization. All the activities have to perform by human resources so the human resource management plans the strategy to manage the people into organization. Human resource management team of Tesco makes the plan of operation for a year in the beginning of the year. Management sets the policy and guidance for the whole operating process in the business. 2. Equal employment opportunity: Equal opportunity to the employees is a basic legal responsibility of the organization. Therefore human resource management plans to provide the equal opportunity of employment by setting the policy and procedures. 3. Staffing (recruitment and selection): Staffing is one of the most important responsibilities of management. To select the right people, at the right place in the right time is a challenge for management. To recruit the best person, management sets the selection procedures. It is a time consuming process. Human resource management selects the people according its requirement to achieve the organizational goals. 4. Payroll administration: Human resource management team is responsible to make employees’ payroll keeping track of hours of the employee. This is the task to ensure that the employees are receiving appropriate amount of pay for their working hours. Payroll administration is also responsible to calculate the taxes and addition in salary by bonuses, benefits, and overtime work. Tesco has thousands of employees so the payroll administration job of the HRM is very important and complicated. 5. Reward management: Reward management is related to motivation of employees. Reward is a prize or financial return for the better performance which motivates the employees. Human resource management provides extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward to employees. 6. Training and Development: Human resource management provides the training to develop the skills of the employees. Training is a necessary activity to develop the working skills of the people. 7. Performance Management: Performance management is a process to  establish the shared workforce which helps to achieve the organizational goal. HRM should keep the employee aware to achieve the objectives so it works for high performance workforce. 8. Employee relations: Employee relationship can contribute to high productivity, motivation and morale. Good relation of employee can solve the problems easily among each other and it supports the performance. 1.3 Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers Manager is a responsible person to operate the day to day business in Tesco. Line managers do the activities what the store managers do in the store. There are few role and responsibilities of duty managers. 1. Administrate work: Line managers do their job handling the day -to-day operations of the business. Managers control employees in and out log book, control inventory, keep records. 2. Planning: Line Managers are responsible for planning the operations in the business. Line managers in Tesco make the plan to operate the business functions of the day. 3. Direct: Line managers direct the employees and support them to do the work. Managers are the leaders also they guide their subordinates. 4. Evaluate: Line managers evaluate the performance of the employees; they can reward and punish them. 1.4 Analyse the impact of the UK legal and regulatory frame work on human resource management The UK Legal and regulatory Framework on human resource management has protected the employees from unfair discrimination in the work place. It defined and fixed the rights and equal access to job vacancies to everybody, working 40 hour in a week, minimum wages, and working overtime. The law has confirmed the same pay for men and women who do the equal work. Employers are obligated to provide safe and clean environment at their work place. Sex discrimination Act tells men and women are treated equally. The people must not be discriminated against marital status, sex, age, disability, race, sexual orientation, and gender. The law has prohibited all kinds of discriminations and harassment in the work. There are following law and regulations to control discriminations i.e. the equal Pay Act 1970, the sex Discrimination Act1975, The disability discrimination Act 1995, the employment Equality Reg ulations 2003, and The Equality Act 2006. 1.5 Identify and apply 3 strategies that can help line manager to recruit new staff for your chosen company The strategies that I would recommend to the line manager to recruit new staff for Tesco are as follow. a) Arrange for group interaction: This can be one of the effective strategies that a line manager can apply to recruit in Tesco. Group interaction brings out the best of the potential recruit and helps the line manager to understand their competitiveness among the group. b) Use non-traditional media to publish the job: using a non traditional media such as YouTube to advertise the post can reach to a far more group of potential candidates. c) Consider past candidate: This is one of the easiest and far cheaper way of recruitment. Digging in the past files of the candidates helps the line manager to make a decision effectively. 1.6 Critically evaluate the benefits of using a ‘soft system’ of approach of HRM in a business organization ‘Soft System’ approach of HRM is based on a kind of developmental humanism where trust, self regulated behaviour and commitment are at the centre of this strategic approach, with people considered key assets and the source of competitive advantage (Debroux, 2003). Some of the benefits of using this approach of HRM are so below. It maintains collaboration, partnership, goodwill and willingness of entities. It motivates and encourages employees to perform at their par. It turns the working environment to a comfort zone.

With reference to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, discuss the Essay

With reference to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, discuss the Romantics active and complex involvement with gender - Essay Example It was during this era when the essence of a woman revolved on bearing and rearing children. History will tell us that women then were deprived of basic rights. To illustrate such vision, women were denied of formal education and prohibited to exercise the right to suffrage. They stood behind the shadows of great men who ruled society during that time. Branded as man’s attendant and helper, women were treated as second-rate citizens. Thus, women of the 19th century were nominated with only two roles to portray, either submissive companions of their husbands or industrious housewives and caring mothers to their children. These are the only cherished triumphs of the women who lived in that period. In 1972, British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft authored a book entitled   â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects.† She was one of the first highly acclaimed authors on feminist philosophy. â€Å"In this book, she argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but only appear to be for lack of education. She suggests that men and women should be treated as rational beings and imagines a social order founded on reason† (Wollstonecraft). She emphasized the importance of women in society because they bear children, rear and educate them to become good citizens of society. â€Å"Women should not only be regarded as objects that are to be traded in marriage, but must be accorded the same fundamental rights as men because men and women are co-equals. Wollstonecraft insisted that all political authority should rest on the grounds of reason and justice alone, she demanded that every person be entitled to enjoy and dispense the fruits of his and her own labors, that inequality of rank be eliminated† (Mellor 32). The social restrictions of women in the 18th Century became one of main subjects illustrated in Jane Austen’s book, Pride and Prejudice, wherein the character of Elizabeth Benne t, was shown as an example of how a woman can survive the challenges of a male-conquered society through her distinct brilliance, charm and intelligence. II. DISCUSSION The protagonist in Austen’s novel is Elizabeth Bennet. She is often described as an intelligent young, witty woman and, playful, though exhibiting sheer impertinence did not make her distasteful to others. Her family’s financial condition forced her to seek out a marriage for convenience. She remained the ideal woman of her time as she expressed her intention to marry for love. She was branded as one of Austen’s beloved heroines of all time. In the novel, Elizabeth was forced to conform to the prevalent social restrictions in place, which included a marriage for convenience. Elizabeth is then met the high and mighty, Mr. Darcy, who was enamoured by her simplicity and wit. However, society dictates that Mr. Darcy should marry a woman of aristocracy, beyond Elizabeth’s social class. This cir cumstance wounded her pride, and thus caused her to foster prejudices against Mr. Darcy. â€Å"Austen is regarded as an affirmative novelist. Positive values of good sense, kindness candor and restraint of egotistical impulses are exhibited by the characters in her novel. Morality is dominant in her written works, and does not consist in swallowing whole the values which society offers her, and her moral affirmations are always qualified by important critical or ironic reservations† (Nardin 3). This was exactly the purpose of Elizabeth’s character, unconventional and unafraid of the limitations imposed by society. She was envisioned as full of pride and her truthful

Global Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Governance - Essay Example The conclusion contains brief recommendations for action to make free trade really "free". An initial look at the term globalisation implies that some "thing" or "phenomenon" is spreading throughout the globe and in the process becoming "global", or globalising. Whilst diseases, ideas, information, or even weather disturbances can go global, the current usage of the term "globalisation" is in reference to free trade in goods, services, and labour among the world's nations. Thus, globalisation and free trade are understood to be one and the same. Micklethwait and Wooldridge (2000) described globalisation (p. xvi) as the "integration of the world economy, reshaping business and reordering the lives of individuals, creating social classes, different jobs, unimaginable wealth and, occasionally, wretched poverty." Stiglitz defined it earlier (2002, p. 164) as "the integration of countries and peoples of the world brought about by the enormous reduction of transportation and communication costs, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." The use of "integration" in both definitions implies a reference to a previous state marked by separation. Integration in the context of international trade signifies that economic and business laws, political systems, cultural differences, and all other factors that act as barriers to the economic relationship amongst nations are minimised or removed, made compatible and attractive enough for trade to take place. Free trade amongst nations is not a recent phenomenon. It has been going on for centuries, and as discussed in the next section, it has caused prosperity and poverty, sometimes becoming a prelude to wars as nations battled each other for supremacy. Trade amongst nations was pretty straightforward, regulated by the law of supply and demand and bartering. But as societies became complex and the control of wealth shifted from nobles to industrialists, the world's socio-economic order underwent a radical shift as the growth in populations increase the pressure for governments to satisfy the people (Yergin et al., 1998, p. 189). The driving force of free trade was Britain, the world's superpower in the 18th and 19th centuries. British goods were traded all over the globe, made from materials extracted from colonies that spanned an empire where the sun never sets. Law and order were maintained by a powerful army and navy that kept trade routes safe. London's financial system dipped its fingers into every business pie. Understandably, Britain sowed the intellectual seeds of globalisation and free trade, inspired by the works of Adam Smith (The Wealth of Nations, 1776), David Ricardo (On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 1817), and James Stuart Mill (Elements of Political Economy, 1821). Smith emphasised the invisible hand of free markets that

Statement of Interest - Residential Child Care Licensing Investigator Personal

Of Interest - Residential Child Care Licensing Investigator - Personal Statement Example The job opportunity is also in my personal characteristics of providing an opportunity that is relevant to my professional requirements My degree in criminology has prepared me adequately for the understanding of applicable laws related to the career needs. My studies have also prepared me analytically to handle complex situations and analyze people critically in establishing their physical and psychological conditions. While developing my investigative skills, I learned appropriate measures to assume where the need arises for the protection of the welfare of others and, in this case, the children. I have extensive communication skills in Spanish and English with a great interpersonal skill to build healthy working relationships. My personal life is defined and separate from my professional path and engaging in complex and time-consuming activities in varied geographic regions would not be a problem. I like challenging and exceeding my limits and those of my employers in the quality of service delivered. I will use my skills to the best of my ability by working diligently to provide efficient services as required by my roles and obligations. Personally, I hope to increase my presence and activities as an RCCL Investigator while advancing my career in the same. Professionally, I hope to learn from the services of fellow investigators so as to improve my skills in handling cases more efficiently while contributing significantly to the other members of the agency. As an agency, the scope of our responsibilities will be crucial to DFPS where we get to serve a larger segment of the people in need of our

Inclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inclusion - Essay Example Thus disabled children are intended to be included into the normal group of students in a school, as a part of this concept, supported with the special assistance that they might need (Hall, 2010, pp.11-12). The present study focuses an understanding of the concept of inclusion, the services benefitting disabled students, and the advantages and disadvantages thereof. Services Benefitting Disabled Students: There are certain services that have been found to help the disabled students in schools. Here three of such services shall be discussed that include: Inclusive Service Models, Collaborative teaming or planning, and Family Involvement. Inclusive Service Models: There are several models for inclusion in teaching intended to serve the disabled students. The consultant model involves consultation of a special educator with a general instructor for lessons in areas related to â€Å"curriculum adaptation, instructional accommodations, remediation for struggling students, and assessment accommodations and/or modifications† (Holdheide & Reschly, 2008, p.6). The coaching model reflects on all-purpose and particular educators teaching and coaching students in turns in the subjects of curriculum and instruction. These are the subjects where these educators tend to be more expert and have greater amount of knowledge. A third model of this service is the collaborative teaming model in which the â€Å"special and general educator share equal responsibility for the lesson design, implementation, and assessment of instruction† (Holdheide & Reschly, 2008, p.6). Collaborative Teaming or Planning: Unlike the early times, in the present times, the educators have realized the need for working in teams in order to share their knowledge in an effective manner to their students. Thus, collaborative practices are welcome more in the recent times, even in the inclusive teaching programs. However, such planning has been found to create complexities as well since general educators may not be comfortable with the practices. However this service has been demanded by the bodies of literature and collaborative teaching has been incorporated as the most preferred system of teaching for disabled students as well. When collaborative teaching is applied on inclusive teaching, then disabled students along with normal students are provided with equal lessons and hence the disabled students do not get ignored. â€Å"Graduates of teacher education programs that practice what they preach and provide general and special education teacher candidates opportunities to see and experience collaboration in practice are better equipped to engage in collaborative teaching models† (Holdheide & Reschly, 2008, pp.7-8). Family Involvement: This is one of the most important components of the services to disabled students. It has been observed that when students and their families are supportive in nature and well informed then they tend to become powerful advocates for the inclusive form of teaching for disabled students in classes. This service requires that the parents are well involved in the process and are capable of anticipating the students well otherwise the efforts may be at loss. â€Å"Sharing consistent and frequent information on the purposes and benefits of inclusion and involving the students and families during the development and implementation of inclusion plans facilitates buy-in and secures support†

Sale of goods and agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sale of goods and agency - Essay Example In the given case, Kangaroo Developments entered into a contract of sale with Libby’s wines on 20th January. The delivery of 200 bottles of Queensland Plonk was to be on 1st February by Libby’s wines on the premises of Kangaroo Developments. Libby’s wine had 700 bottles in their stock from which 200 bottles had to be separated to be delivered to Kangaroo Developments. The 200 bottles, while not separated, were general goods. In order to become ascertained goods, they had to be separated. The agreement was made on 20th January but the transfer of property had not yet been made. According to Sale of Goods Act, 1979, S.18 (Rule 2), â€Å"Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods and the seller is bound to do something to the goods for the purpose of putting them into a deliverable state, the property does not pass until the thing is done and the buyer has notice that it has been done.† According to the given facts, Libby’s wines had sepa rated 200 bottles on 20th January and marked them to be delivered to Kangaroo Developments. There is no information in the given facts whether Kangaroo Developments had the knowledge that 200 bottles had been separated; hence ascertained. The manager put the bottles back after two hours of their separation. By the 1st of February, Libby’s wine had been liquidated. Assuming that Kangaroo Developments had no knowledge of the separation of 200 bottles, it would mean that the goods were never ascertained. Therefore, no transfer of property had taken place and the risk in them remained with Libby’s wines. In this case, since Kangaroo Developments had already paid the price of bottles to Libby’s wines, they would be entitled to recover the price. They would not be entitled to recovery of 200 bottles since the title was never shifted. On the other hand, if Kangaroo Developments had the knowledge that the goods were separated to be delivered to them, the goods would hav e been said to have ascertained and the transfer of property would have deemed to be made. In this case, Kangaroo Developments would have been able to recover the bottles if the courts were convinced that despite the liquidation of Libby’s wines, the delivery of 200 bottles was possible. It is because the title of the bottles and the risk in them had been transferred when they were separated. If the liquidation of Libby’s wines had made the delivery impossible, then Kangaroo Developments would only have been able to recover the price. In Underwood Ltd v Burgh Castle Brick and Cement Syndicate, the plaintiffs made an agreement to sell a horizontal tandem condensing engine to the defendants. The engine had to be dismantled. After it was dismantled but before it could be delivered, the bed plate of the engine was broken accidently. The defendants refused to accept the engine. The plaintiffs sued. It was held that the defendants were entitled to reject the engine because t he engine was not ascertained as the defendants did not have the knowledge about that fact. Therefore, the title was not transferred. Therefore, by the application of S.18 of Sale of Goods Act, 1979 and Underwood Ltd v Burgh Castle Brick and Cement Syndicate, Kangaroo Development would only be able to recover the price if they did not have the knowledge of 200 bottles being separated. The property in goods and the risk in them would remain with Libby’s wines. Against William and Sons According to the given facts, Kangaroo Developments contracted to purchase 500 branded coffee mugs from William and Sons. Each mug was required to be printed with Kangaroo Development’s logo. In this case, the subject matter is future goods. According to S.18 of Sale of Goods Act, 1979, the property in goods would transfer to Kangaroo Developments when the printing of logos is done and they have the notice of it. Here, again, the transfer of property hinges on the affirmation of the fact w hether Kangaroo

Unemployment and Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment and Labor - Essay Example Unemployment and labor Decrease in labor demand and low cost of labor may also result into labor market movement. This is because the mentioned determinants will depress the incomes of labor. Other determinants of labor market movement include culture and demographics. This also includes cyclical elements like government benefits, demand for workers, and unemployment generosity. According to recent studies, labor market can also be determined by indicators such as: distribution of labor force by gender, age, and participation rates; level of education; employment distribution by sex and age; class of workers; status of job; employment rate by sex; unemployment rate by sex and age; and number of people not employed and distribution by age and sex. The labor market movement is determined by many other factors depending on the distribution of labor characteristics in that market. Educational level and qualification has a central role in job transition in the labor market. Work experience and structural factor s also influence the possibility of labor movement and the direction in all market segments. Labor market competition and attitude towards immigration are also determinant factors to be considered. Based on education, investment on human capital and specialization in various occupations may also determine movement within labor market. In order to forecast the rate of unemployment and nonfarm payroll change for November, I will make use of the past rates of employment in history. The prevailing market demands for labor, labor cost, required education level, rate of economic growth, unemployment policies, and interest rates. In the process of ascertaining the forecasted rate of unemployment, I will use the flexicurity debate concept that combines the flexibility of labor market with the security of employees. This concept has been formulated and initiated globally in attending to unemployment. As a concept it shows the necessity of balancing the need for protecting the security of labor market with the need for sufficient flexible labor market. The flexicurity policy is a reliable and flexible contractual agreement via modern labor law and agreement collectively with the employee’s organization. This determines the continual opportunity for training employees for employability and adaptability. This will help me in forecasting the rate of unemployment. Active and effective policies of labor market assist employees to cope the drastic changes. This helps in minimizing the duration of unemployment and even facilitates the movement to new jobs. These policies also encourage employment, provide for sufficient support in terms of income, facilitate the coverage of the provision of social protection, and facilitate the mobility of labor market. Hence, the details of the policies will help me forecast the rates of unemployment. The history of protection of labor is primarily about the working class and the labor movement development. The policies of labor protection have been used before in determining social welfare and economic development. The need to protect the rights of workers has since made the government to get involved in the regulation of policies. These policies are often used to determine compensation and benefits accorded to workers. Therefore, the labor protection policies can a lso be used to forecast the nonfarm payroll change as

Expanding the Oral Care Group in India Case Study - 1

Expanding the Oral Care Group in India - Case Study Example 50% of the population is not concerned for oral hygiene. Those parts of the potential customers need awareness first of all about the oral health. Secondly, they are not in a reach of oral health care products as the disposable incomes of people living in rural areas have $2 per day, in comparison of urban population who are wealthy and they have great purchasing power. There is a shortage of dental care personnel in rural areas specially, single personnel handles thousands of dental patients. In addition, people with only high income consult dental professionals as they cost very high (Bruce, Moore, & Birtwistle, 2004). That defines the problem of affordability to the consumers. And the third is Accessibility, in which the director of the company, Brinda Patel want her manager to make a new market plan and she want to increase the unit sales nearly up to 30% of toothbrushes in India by spending 3% more in advertising budget, as her previous project in Thailand went successful. Whereas, manager Michael Lang is concerned if the strategy of increasing advertising budget more than Thailand’s budget will affect the sales positively as there are many cultural barriers in each region of India. The projections could go wrong, whether they can access the products and accept the change in oral health as they are using Neem twigs and tobacco and ashes since ages. Brinda believes that rural area need more hygiene protection messages and has a strategy to market its premium products and convince customers to switch to high range of oral care products, that might help the company to reach up to 30% per unit sales(Rudolf R. Sinkovics, 2009). On the other hand, Michael suggested not increasing the advertising budget and applying strategies in urban market to focus and persuade first time users of tooth brush and later spend on when they become habitual. Applying marketing strategies suggested by Brinda over rural areas

Ohio State University Essay Example for Free

Ohio State University Essay I believe that I would be a positive addition to the Ohio State University community because of my varied background and experiences. My personal background is itself diverse and has given me the perspective of belonging to two cultures. I was born in Korea but came to the United States during my childhood and attended high school in this country. This was initially challenging but I adapted well, and I consider it a valuable experience in my life because it immersed me in a different culture and language. After high school, I returned to my native Korea to fulfill my military obligation and served for three years. I matured considerably during this period, and I believe that my time in the service prepared me well for the demands of university life. I want to attend the Ohio State University because I consider it an excellent institution, and my life experiences have let me develop several necessary character strengths. Being raised in two distinctly different societies has given me a unique perspective on cultural diversity. Also, I have a strong academic background and, thanks to my military service, I have developed a strong work ethic and a mature character which will let me participate meaningfully and effectively in university life. I consider myself a capable, mature, disciplined individual, and being a student at Ohio State will give me the opportunity to develop these characteristics even further and let me be a productive and positive addition to the university community.

Pain Management and Post Operative Care Case Studies

Pain Management and Post Operative Care Case Studies This is a scenario based essay in which two scenarios will be looked at. One is on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis patient and the other one is based on oesophageal reflux disorder and peptic ulcer disease. The clinical manifestations of these two health problems and post-operative care of patients with these issues will be discussed in this paper. Complications of gastric diseases here in will also be discussed Osteoporosis also known as porous bone or fragile bone is a chronic form of metabolic bone disease characterized by a significant weakening in the structure of bone tissue and a low bone density (Brown and Edwards, 2012).This occurs when there is an imbalance between the bone formation and bone resorption. Under normal circumstances, osteoblasts constantly deposit bones which are resorbed by osteoclasts. This process is termed remodelling. In this case, the rate of deposition equals that of resorption such that for the total bone mass remains constant .However in osteoporosis, the bone resorption exceeds bone formation which leads to thin, fragile bones that are subject to spontaneous pathological fracture ( Craft et al,2011 ).Osteoporosis has some risk factors which are classified as modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Some of the modifiable risk factors include; low birth weight, cigarette smoking,malnutrition,low calcium intake, deficiency of vitamin D, deficit of oestroge n or androgen ,poor physical activity, some medications like steroids, anticonvulsants , vitamin A, and chronic conditions like thyroid, liver diseases as well as diabetes while the non-modifiable ones are race,sex,advanced aged,genetics,dementia, previous fractures as an adult(Kenny and Karen,2013).Osteoporosis is often regarded as a silent disease. This is because during the early stage, the bone loss is usually asymptomatic. At this point, Claire may not realise that she has osteoporosis but as the disease progresses, her bones become weaker such that even a slight or sudden bump or fall results to a fracture of either the hip, vertebral or wrist.However,Acute back pain is one of the earliest clinical manifestations Claire will be experiencing. This occurs due to vertebral compression fracture. Groin or thigh pain may also occur due to hip fracture (Brown and Edwards, 2012). Osteoarthritis on the other hand develops when the articular cartilage that protects the ends of bones in a joint begins to disintegrate. This disorder is more prevalent among the elderly and regarded as part of their aging process. Any localized wear and tear may hasten the situation and its symptom may be confined only in one joint. Early in the disease, the cartilage starts to break becoming roughened and thinner thereby interfering with easy movement.Cytokines which stimulate the release and production of an enzymes called protease are released( LeMone et al,2011)). This enzyme causes increase in the disintegration of the cartilage. To this end, the subchondral bone becomes damaged and exposed while cysts and osteophytes spurs developed around the margin of the bone. Osteophytes piece and cartilage starts to break off into the synovial cavity which further causes irritation and makes the joint space narrower. This exposes the bony surfaces hence they, rub against each other causi ng pain thus making the affected joint to become inflamed frequently (LeMone et al, 2011). Osteoarthritis has many clinical manifestations occurring due to body’s response to this degenerative change which ranges from mild discomfort to major disability. ( Brown and Edwards, 2012).some clinical manifestations Claire may experience may include joint pain.and swelling. It occurs due to weight bearing and movement. The pain may be unilateral and eventually becomes more severe as the degenerative changes progresses (Brown and Edwards, 2012 ).During the initial stage, this pain can be relieved by rest but as the disease advances, the pain may occur even at rest and Claire’s sleeping pattern may be interrupted as a result of joint discomfort. This joint discomfort may become more severe following a change in weather condition (Brown and Edwards, 2012).There will be limited joint movement due to loss of cartilage which is irregular and worn and osteophytes developed. Also crepitus may be heard as the joints become irregular, rubbing against each other.Towards the en d or middle joint of fingers, Claire may develop bony lumps known as herberden and bouchard nodes leading to structural deformity. (Brown and Edwards, 2012). Following Claire’s fracture repair, her post-operative nursing care and management are directed towards promoting safety, monitoring vital signs and applying the general principles of post–operative nursing care. The nurse will ensure that all the necessary safety equipment’s are near the patient’s bed side and in good working condition in case of emergency. Assess patient’s airway, circulation and breathing sounds for patency and check vital signs and pulse oximetry for baseline (Perry et al, 2012). Determine patient’s pain level using the pain rating. This will reveal the nature of pain and as well direct the nurse towards suitable interventions. Assessment of Claire’s neurological status is also of paramount important to ascertain the level of consciousness and movement of extremities (Perry et al, 2012). Observe IV access for patency and signs of infection, noting the rate to avoid insufficiency and overload. Check catheter drainag e for patency, colour, amount, ensuring frequent emptying and proper documentation in the intake and output chart (Perry et al, 2012). Also neurovascular assessments of the affected extremity are very important in order to detect changes while movement restraints or activities related to the turning, positioning and extremity support should be monitored closely and proper alignment and positioning to minimize discomfort and pain should be encouraged. Also, cast or dressings should be observed closely for signs of bleeding or drainage. It is pertinent to note that, any significant increase in the size of the drainage should be reported and documented (Perry et al, 2012). It is expected that Claire’s mobility will be impaired following surgery. Therefore, frequent assessment of common complications of immobility like pressure sore formation, renal calculi, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, paralytic ileus and pulmonary embolism are necessary and appropriate measures taken to alleviate it must be taken. Some of these measures include two hourly change of patient’s position according to hospital policy .This can be done by assisting in repositioning while stabilizing the fracture site (Lewis et at,2006).Other measures can be deep breathing and coughing exercise, active range of motion exercise, providing TED socks as well as early ambulation. Immobilization of the elbow to prevent wrist supination and pronation is necessary while the nursing management should include steps to prevent or reduce oedema and regular neurovascular assessment. Extremity should be supported and protected along with active movement of the fingers and thumb. This ex ercise helps reduce oedema, avert stiffness and increase venous return (Lewis et al, 2006). Active movement of the shoulder to prevent stiffness or contraction should be frequently performed by patient and must be encouraged. Deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism which may occur due to venous pooling can be alleviated by using techniques to promote lower limb blood flow. Electrical stimulation induced contractions have been shown to improve skeletal muscle movements preventing venous stasis and oedema (Broderick, 2010). Regularly assessing the pin insertion sites and providing pin site care as per hospital policy is highly important and any signs of infection like redness, purulent drainage and increases tenderness must be reported and documented ( LeMone et al,2011). Prescribed medications such as antibiotics and analgesics per physicians order must also be administered and charted. The patients may also require assistance with ADLs especially where the stronger hand is the one affected (Farrell Dempsey, 2011). Following Claire’s complain of pain, it is important to assess patient’s level of comfort and the character of her pain. This can be done by asking her about the precipitating factor, quality, radiation ,severity and timing and also asking patient to rate the pain level using a scale of 1 to 10.All this measures will assist to determine the type and level of pain the patient is experiencing and to decide the type and dose of prescribed analgesic that will best suit patients pain where there is a choice .It can also help to decide whether her pain can be managed with non- pharmacological measures like arm elevation, ice application or even finger exercises (Perry et al, 2012 ). After these measures have been taken, neurovascular status fine and patient still in severe pain, the nurse will check the last time patient was given analgesic, route ,dose, frequency and as such its effectiveness .This is to determine the need for another dose and if the dose need to be increase d. However, before administration, the order must be checked by two nurses, the six rights of medication administration observed and patient’s identity confirmed using two identifiers such as name and date of birth for safety. After administration, the nurse will re-assess patient for effectiveness (Perry et al, 2012). Following Claire’s fracture and surgical procedure, some of the post-operative complications she may experience include compartment syndrome, fat embolism, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pressure sore, paralytic ileus, renal calculi, loss of appetite. This potential problems can be prevented by early ambulation which will help promote muscle tone, improve urinary and GIT, promote circulation to eliminate venous stasis and hasten wound healing (Mak et al, 2010). Additionally, problems associated with bony union and possible infection may occur. If adequate muscle and tissue coverage is not achieved following muscle and flap grafts, amputation may be needed (Mak et al, 2010). SCENARIO TWO Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus which aggravates symptoms and alters ones quality of life. This structural change produces heartburn and regurgitation. Reflux occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure is deficient or pressure in the stomach exceeds the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. This leads to reflux of acid, bile, pepsin and pancreatic enzymes thus resulting to an injury in the mucosal lining (Giorgi et al 2006). Peptic ulcer disease generally known as painful sore or ulcers is most commonly found in the proximal duodenum and also in the antrum of the stomach or lower oesophagus (Brown Edwards, 2012). Normally, water, electrolytes and water soluble substances like glucose pass freely through the mucosal barrier while acids and pepsin are denied entry. This defence mechanism can be altered in certain conditions allowing backflow of acid and pepsin. As hydrochloric acid or pepsin penetrates the mucosal barrier, the tissues are exposed to continue damage due to acid diffuses into the gastric wall. Ulcers may erode more deeply into the muscularis and then perforate the wall. As erosion invades the blood vessel wall, bleeding takes place (Brown Edwards, 2012). This peptic ulcer disease has various clinical manifestations. Pain is one of the symptoms patient is experiencing. Its nature is typically described as burning, gnawing, aching or hunger-like and is often felt in the epigastric region, sometimes radiating to the back mainly when the stomach is empty (WebMD,2014). The pain is usually relieved by eating or by ingestion of antacids. Other symptoms the patient may be presenting with are loose of appetite and weight loss, heartburn or regurgitation, vomiting. Chest pain or dysphagia, anaemia. As patient’s condition become more severe, there may be malaena .This occurs due to bleeding from perforated mucosal wall.Haematemesis may also result (Brown Edwards, 2012). Helicobacter pylori infection are amongst the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease which directly and indirectly weakens the protective mucosal lining of both the stomach and duodenum allowing easy access of acids to the sensitive areas. As this happens, the lining becomes irritated and wears off resulting to sore formation (Duggan Duggan, 2006). Other factors includes excessive intake of NSAIDS such as aspirin or ibuprofen,genetic,smoking,high consumption of alcohol and coffee, liver or lung diseases, starvation, stress and certain diets(Duggan Duggan,2006). Histamine 2 receptor blockers like ranitidine are indicated for a patient with peptic ulcer disease. These drugs act by inhibiting histamine binding to the receptors on the gastric parietal cells to reduce or stop secretion. Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole which stops the acid secreting enzymes functioning as proton pump, disabling them for a period of 24hours also provides effective pain relief and promotes rapid ulcer healing (Brown Edwards, 2012). Antacids also stimulate gastric mucosal defences thereby aiding in ulcer healing. Other mucosa agents that can be helpful include sucralfate, Bismuth compounds and prostaglandin analogs (Brown Edwards, 2012). Many disease conditions can present with symptoms found in peptic ulcer thus making its diagnosis difficult. However to avert this, certain diagnostic procedures such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy need to done and the nursing care of a patient undergoing these procedure shall be explained in this part of the paper. Firstly, the nurse will ensure that consent is obtained, explain procedure to the patient, informing the patient his role.Prepre patient’s bowel by checking when last patient eat or drink, ensuring patient is on nil by mouth for 8hours prior to surgery (Perry et al, 2012).Depending on physicians order, patient may be on clear fluid for 1 to two days pre- procedure and enema given the previous night to permit easy insertion and clear visualisation. Checks vital signs and assess oxygen saturation level to obtain baseline and to compare post-operatively. Provide patient with gown, carefully remove patient’s dentures and artificial prosthesis patient may have an d storing them in a safe place (Perry et al, 2012). After the procedure, vital signs should be monitored closely especially temperature as sudden rise in temperature may indicate perforation, patient’s level of consciousness must be assessed to determine his ability to comprehend and follow instructions. Flatus, abdominal discomfort, fever, rectal bleeding, chills, swallowing difficulty, malaena, haematemesis are common therefore should encourage patient to report if notice any (Brown Edwards, 2012).Assess patient bowel sound and swallowing reflexes and encourage to eat and drink when present. Normally patient’s are not allowed to drive or operate machinery 24hours following procedure, therefore nurse should ensure that patient is accompanied home by an identified driver (Perry et al, 2012,). In a case of rectal bleeding, the nurse will support patient to bed to ensure comfort. Check vital signs because any significant drop in blood pressure and sudden rise in heart rate may serve as a good indicator for severe blood loss. If noticed any deviation, patient appears weak and unstable, urgent fluid replacement with 0.9% normal saline must be given to replace fluid loss. Closely monitor his abdomen for tenderness and distension. If after all these measures his condition still remains the same, medical team must be alerted for further treatments (Craft et al, 2011) Putting in place the above nursing interventions will help alleviate pain and manage post op complications in patients. Nursing care considerations always need to be specifically befitting the patient’s condition and their current presenting problem. As in the above the care consideration for a patient with musculoskeletal problems is definitely different from the other patient with gastrointestinal system diseases.

The Move :: Personal Narrative Moving Essays

The Move Summer of 2000, my parents decided we should move to California. From Georgia to California, East Coast to West Coast. I do not think my mom really wanted to move. It was my Daji’s (Dad’s eldest brother) fault. He and his son bought a motel in Morro Bay, California. Daji wanted my dad to help him run it(the motel). So in order for that to happen, we would all have to move. My mom was not coming with my dad, sister and me, just yet. We still had our house and my mom still had her job. We needed the income. We were going to drive to California in our white Nissan Previa. As we traveled through the southern states, my mom got news from Zambia, where her family lives, saying that my grandfather had a heart attack. So now my mom was not going to be coming to California when she was suppose to. I was going to be mom-less for longer than I was willing to be. I cried and cried (in despair). I know my dad felt bad(horrible about what he was doing) but he could not tell his older brother no. All those dumb respect rules. In our culture, that is the Indian culture, we must respect our elders, even if that means doing things we do not want to do, but(I believe) sometimes you can say no. We drove the rest of the way to California. We stayed at the motel, the one my Daji bought. It had an apartment attached to it. The apartment had two bedrooms, a kitchen, living room, dining room, and a full bath. My sister and I shared one of the rooms, my cousin and his wife had the other room, my dad slept in the living room and my aunt and uncle slept in one of the motel rooms. We hated it. Back home we had our own rooms, our own space. My sister and I were not very close at this time, so it was difficult to share and talk about what was happening. We did not like it(the idea of moving) mostly because we were away from our friends, our world and most importantly our mom. (when we got to California we had to be enrolled in school. So we went to the closest school My dad took us to the school, which was thirty minutes away from where we lived, in a completely different town.

A Comparison of God and Religion in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Ess

God and Religion in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea      Ã‚   Jane Eyre, from Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, and Antoinette Mason, from Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea, both depict very different creeds. While Bronte created Jane with a Christian background, Rhys has birthed Antoinette into a more primitive, confused faith. Analyzing each writer's description of the red room will reveal the religious nature of their characters. In both texts, the rooms are symbolic of church. As Jane is sent to the bedroom of her dead uncle, Bronte relates it to a place of worship. "A bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask, stood out like a tabernacle in the center". Due to the vast size and illustrious beauty of the bed, Jane saw itas a "tabernacle", or a place of sanctuary. Often churches contain such platforms, and Bronte hints to Jane's stance on Christianity by enabling her to see the "tabernacle" in the room. "Scarcely less prominent was an ample, cushioned easy chair over the head of the bed, also white, with a footstool before it, and looking, as I thought like a pale throne". This simile indicates the dais of God in heaven. Bronte set the chair over the bed which would be to Jane, a throne awaiting the tabernacle. Therefore, Bronte has used the furniture of the room to represent a house of worship in Jane's eyes, which illustrates her knowledge of the Christian idealogie s. Rh... ...ms as key religious references, both authors have created dynamic characters who are bound to their distinct beliefs. Works Cited and Consulted Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. â€Å"Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15. A Comparison of God and Religion in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Ess God and Religion in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea      Ã‚   Jane Eyre, from Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, and Antoinette Mason, from Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea, both depict very different creeds. While Bronte created Jane with a Christian background, Rhys has birthed Antoinette into a more primitive, confused faith. Analyzing each writer's description of the red room will reveal the religious nature of their characters. In both texts, the rooms are symbolic of church. As Jane is sent to the bedroom of her dead uncle, Bronte relates it to a place of worship. "A bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask, stood out like a tabernacle in the center". Due to the vast size and illustrious beauty of the bed, Jane saw itas a "tabernacle", or a place of sanctuary. Often churches contain such platforms, and Bronte hints to Jane's stance on Christianity by enabling her to see the "tabernacle" in the room. "Scarcely less prominent was an ample, cushioned easy chair over the head of the bed, also white, with a footstool before it, and looking, as I thought like a pale throne". This simile indicates the dais of God in heaven. Bronte set the chair over the bed which would be to Jane, a throne awaiting the tabernacle. Therefore, Bronte has used the furniture of the room to represent a house of worship in Jane's eyes, which illustrates her knowledge of the Christian idealogie s. Rh... ...ms as key religious references, both authors have created dynamic characters who are bound to their distinct beliefs. Works Cited and Consulted Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. â€Å"Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15.

Blooms Taxonomy :: essays research papers

Bloom’s Taxonomy is the higher order of thinking. Imagine a pyramid; to get to the top, you must first finish what is on the bottom. Bloom’s Taxonomy is divided into 6 different sections, each one specifying what skills are being demonstrated. The first and easiest block is knowledge. In knowledge you observe and recall of information, knowledge of dates, events, places, major ideas, and of subject matter. Some clues to identify knowledge is if it asks or you list, define, tell, describe, identify, show, label, collect, examine, tabulate, quote, name, who, when, where. The second step would be comprehension. Comprehension consist of understanding information, grasp meaning, translate knowledge into new context, interpret facts, compare, contrast, order, group, infer causes, predict consequences. Keywords to spot Comprehension would be: summarize, describe, interpret, contrast, predict, associate, distinguish, estimate, differentiate, discuss, and extend. Layer number thre e is Application. This is where it starts to get harder. Application involves using information, methods, concepts, and theories in new situations, solving problems using required skills or knowledge. Look out for these words to help you identify application: apply, demonstrate, calculate, complete, illustrate, show, solve, examine, modify, relate, change, classify, experiment, and discover. Step four is Analysis. Analysis involves seeing patterns, organization of parts, recognition of hidden meanings, identification of components. Question Cues: analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, and infer. The second to the last step, Synthesis, is hard, because now not only do the questions have to be answered for this, but the other steps should be done as well, to be able to fully understand. The elements that contribute to synthesis are: use old ideas to create new ones, generalize from given facts, relate knowledge from several are as, predict, and draw conclusions. Clue words include combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, plan, create, design, invent, what it?

Boy Bawang

Concepts of State and Government State – is a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory and a government. Elements of State 1. People – this refers to the mass of population living within the state. 2. Territory – it includes not only the land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends; but also the rivers and lakes therein. 116 square miles or 300,440 square kilometers 3. Government – it refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated expressed and carried out. 4.Sovereignty – the term may be defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction. a) Internal – or the power of the state to rule within its territory b) External – or the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states. Origin of state theories 1. Divine Right Theory †“ it holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by god to govern the people. 2. Necessity or Force Theory – it maintains that state must have been created through force. . Paternalistic Policy – it attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family which remained under the authority of the father or mother. 4. Social Contract Theory – it asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form society and organize government for their common good. Forms of Government a) Monarchy – or one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of this election or the nature or duration of his tenure.Monarchies are further classified into 1. Absolute monarchy – or one in which the ruler rules by divine right 2. Limited Monarchy – or one in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution. b) Aristocracy – or one in which political power is exercised by a few privileged class which is known as an aristocracy or oligarchy. c) Democracy – or one in which political power exercised by a majority of the people. Democratic governments is further classified into; 1. Direct or pure democracy – or one which the will of the state is ormulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting. 2. Indirect Representative – or republican democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government a) Unitary Government – or one in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised b) Federal Government – – or one in which the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs.Relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government a) Parl iamentary Government – or one in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. b) Presidential Government – or one in which the state makes the executive constitutionally independent of the legislature. Other forms of Government a) Civil Government – one in which the affairs of the state are administrated and directed by the citizens or their representatives. ) Military Government – established and administered by a belligerent in the territory c) Constitutional Government – one in which the powers of those who rule are defined and limited in their exercised d) Despotic Government – one in which the powers of those who rule are not defined and limited in their exercised by a constitution e) Elective Government – one in which the state confers powers upon a person, or organization composed of persons chosen by qualified voters f) Hereditary Government – the state confers the powers of government upon a person in a certain family g) Coordinate Government – government according to their nature among separate departments or bodies. h) Consolidated Government – the state confides all government powers to a single body i) De jure Government – founded on existing constitutional laws of the state and has the general support of the people j) De facto Government – existing constitutional law of the state and is maintained against the rightful authority of an established and lawful government. ) Revolutionary Government – installed whether by force or otherwise, not in accordance with the procedure prescribed in an existing constitution. Source of Constitution authority 1. The Filipino People 2. A Sovereign People 3. Belief in God Article 1 – National Territory The Terrestial, Fluvial and Aerial domains of the Philippines 1. The territorial sea – it is that part of the sea extending 12 nautical miles (1 19 kms. ) from the low-water mark. 2. The sea bed – this refers to the land that holds the sea, lying beyond the seashore, including mineral and natural resources. 3. The sub-oil – this includes everything beneath the surface soil – including mineral and natural resources. 4.Insular shelves – they are the submerged portions of a continent or offshore island. 5. Other submarine areas – they refer to all areas under the territorial sea. Three fold division of navigable waters 1. Inland or internal waters – they are the parts of the sea within the land territory. 2. Territorial sea – it is belt of water outside and parallel to the coastline or to the outer limits of the inland or internal waters. 3. High or open seas – they are waters that lie seaward of the territorial sea. Article 2 – Declaration of principles and state policies Republican government – is a democratic government by representatives chosen by the peo ple at large Sovereignty – implies the supreme authority to govern.

Marketing funtions

Principles of Marketing Seaworthy College In any type of organization, the internal marketing strategy and end result can greatly affect the outcome of any measured external results. Internal marketing is created and carried out In order to align, motivate and empower all employees on all levels of the business. When employees feel motivated and empowered, what follows is typically positive customer experiences that are truly aligned with the firms' organizational goals. Success in any business starts with the many roles that employees will play, in which each roll affects all others.One role the employee will play is the worker that they are in the environment they are provided. An employer or internal marketer needs to provide a work environment that enables the employee to feel excited and rewarded by their everyday duties. If the employee feels motivated by the excitement or reward, they will strive to Increase their performance. Increased performance, In turn, Increases customer satisfaction. With both employees and customers satisfied, all levels of the organization will then be satisfied. If satisfied, the employees and customers will remain loyal to the organization.Employees will also be more apt to remain loyal if they are aware of any possible challenges and given direction. All of these roles will help evolve and preserve the compass culture, with little culture or low productivity could greatly benefit from internal marketing. Internal marketing is also achieved through quality management training. This is a form of training that will enable the staff to see the cycle between employee relations and producing quality products or services. Communication with employees will increase heir knowledge, which in turn creates greater awareness and allows for the expression of opinion.Along with communication and awareness, incentives can greatly affect attitude, knowledge, and the willingness to offer an opinion. Some incentives available are positive worki ng conditions, salary recognition, and personal growth. Positive internal marketing looks to adjoin departments which will increase harmony and further improve communication. Overall, the main objectives of internal marketing are to keep the internal stakeholders satisfied and motivated. In turn, as an end result, it will keep the external customers satisfied. It will also improve employee relations and core competencies.Core competencies are defined as the strengths and advantages of a business. These competencies allow a company to expand, but should be unique enough where they cannot be replicated. All internal marketing will affect the external outcomes of each business. When the internal strengths are matched with external opportunities, all needs of customers will be met. Therefore, organizations should convert any internal weakness to strengths and all external threats into opportunities. Internal strengths ND weaknesses should be analyzed for insight on accomplishing any int ernal goals.It will also open awareness for advantages in achieving external goals. A review of employees and production will allow someone to spot possible advantages or impediments. A review of the financial ratios should be conducted to compare with other competitors. Possible external opportunities would be gaps in the market where no company is actually serving. This will allow for a new market or growth opportunity. Possible threats would be any competitors or new products. Most successful businesses not only consistently analyze their marketing, but also look to create a customer centered business.This is done by starting with the customers instead of starting with the product. Starting with the customer is creating a business' actions to support sales and staff to meet the specific clients' needs. More simply put, it's putting the customer first. Same positive result. The strategies are based around creating a quality product and correctly responding to complaints and inquir ies. This is achieved through seven steps that are completed at the business level. The first step is to communicate your central philosophy simply but meaningfully. A few short words shouldn't be hard to remember but mean the business.The second step is to elaborate the company's core values. This is a definition of how the customers, employees, and vendors should be treated at all times. The third step is to reinforce your commitment continually. The more often it is stated, the better it will stick. The fourth step is to make it visual. If an employee sees the philosophy and commitment in every day surroundings, it will become second nature. If the customer sees the same, they will begin to realize what the company strives on. The fifth step is to make it a focus during orientation.Orientation is the time where new hires take the key elements of the business away from the table. If it is mentioned in orientation, they will know the importance. The sixth step is to train, support, hire, and enforce. Some employees need to be taught and encouraged to follow new ways of thinking and acting. This will, in turn, generate loyalty and enthusiasm amongst customers. This is typically done through training, learning, coaching, observation, and feedback. The final step is to instill the idea of including the world. It creates the actions of going above and ended. Customer's decisions are based on a five step process.This process consists of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase behavior. Interactions with a company can be placed anywhere in steps two through four due to impact factors. These impact factors consist of past experiences, cognitive bias, individual differences, personal relevance, and escalation of commitment. Past results of a product will determine if the product will continue to be purchased. If the result was positive, then the action will be repeated. If the result was negative, then the action will be avoided in the future.Cognitive bias consists of many factors. Belief bias is the overconfidence on prior knowledge. Hindsight bias is when one is ready to explain the inevitable. Omission bias is omitting any info that may be perceived as risky. Confirmation bias is that the customer observes what they expected. Individual differences are based on socioeconomic status, age, and cognitive abilities. The older generation may be more confident in decision making because they have more ability to apply strategy. The socioeconomic status is meaning that some may eve less access to education and resources so they are not informed enough to make a decision.Personal relevance comes from a person feeling that their decision matters. When they feel this way, they are more likely to decide. They want to see the importance of their actions. Escalation of commitment is simply continued loyalty. Decisions, it's time to investigate the effectiveness of the marketing. This is done by various investigation techniques. One way is through search engine optimization. This is the ability to gauge the company's popularity as compared to other companies. It tracks how many times internet users have clicked on the links for the particular site.Another option is through quarterly revenue. This compares revenue against marketing campaigns. This will inform you of what actually makes the product sell. Surveys are a basic way of questioning how people feel. Surveys are done in a variety of ways, but if sent via email, there are certain services that are able to track how many of the sent emails were opened. From that number, they can they track how many went into the website. All of the options for data collection are sent through a marketing decision purport system. This is a system that is used to interpret and evaluate data.

My Future Education Essay

My life is different right now than when I was a high school student because now I’m preparing to study so I can get a degree and before I was just studying so that I could graduate from high school. My work in college is really important because it decides how my future is going to be. As a college student, I’m more responsible than I was before because now I take my work more seriously and that depends if I graduate or not. Like many people, I have educational goals in life. Some are more important than others. One of them was to graduate from high school and that’s what I did last year. Another educational goal is to graduate from college, then go to Sac State and study for my chosen career midwifery. An education matters to me because the level of education I have will have a great impact on the options I will have later on in life the more options, the better jobs I can get. Paul Logan and I have concluded that education matters because we have more opportunities to obtain so we can have a better future. In essay â€Å"Zero† by Paul Logan he says â€Å"They shoved and threatened me on the bus, teased me in the halls, and mocked me during lunchtime. NERD. GEEK. LOSER. These insults were fired at me like bullets. Sometimes they came with fists I got scared†. His fears of being bothered by their classmates changed him from being a responsible, and intelligent child to someone who does not care if he gets good grades and is a good student. He changed to be this so his classmates did not bother him more and saw that he was like them and not a nerd as they used to say call him. â€Å"Years of putting social time and my job ahead of school left me without study habits to deal with college work. Years of following others left me unequipped to make smart choices about my education. In addition to lacking skills, I also lacked motivation,†Loga n comments. Logan made bad choices that ultimately affected him in his education because his skills, and motivation were lacking. The way in which Logan overcame his challenges was by deciding to go back to college. He made this decision because he saw his old friends continue studying while he worked. So with the money he had saved for the months he worked he pay his classes and had the opportunity to continue studying in college. As I was reading Logan’s essay, I felt sorry for him because he had to change his  appearance of a good boy that cares about his education to someone that thinks education doesn’t matter in life. He also had to change his thoughts about school, just because he wanted to fit in with others, and because he didn’t want them to reject him or make fun of him. But at the end, I was happy because he realized the mistakes he did by not putting attention on his education and he decided to go back to college so he could have a better job and a better educ ation. Like Logan, going to college was a great opportunity to for my education but also I had to face several challenges, like turning my work on time. This happens because sometimes I have difficulty managing my time because I have never been in control of my own schedule. In this semester the classes I found easy are Sign Language, Math, Business Computer Apps and English. The class that I found a little bit hard is Psychology because there are words that I don’t know and sometimes are difficult for me to learn them. Sometimes I have so much homework to do or I get distracted too easy by any sound that people made or at home when my siblings are yelling and that’s how I lose my time. Stress is another challenge that I’m facing at college because I get stressed out so quickly when I don’t understand something or when I get a lot of homework and I feel that I can’t do it. So I just give up and don’t do it until I get relax and ask for help. Also when I’m really stress and I don’t know what to do to solve it I start crying, get mad with others or I just go to my room lay down on my bed listen music until I calm down. Techniques I’m learning that helps me to succeed in college are that when I need help on my homework or something I don’t understand about my classes I have to speak up and ask for help. I can meet my teachers and ask them to help me on what I don’t understand. I have met with my Psychology teacher and she has help me on what I don’t understand. There are also tutors that can help me on my homework and classes, them like teachers are there to help me on any questions I have. My teacher and tutors have help me a lot because now I understand more the class and when I need help I go with them so they can help me. To succeed I also have to study hard, pass all my classes and have good grades if I want to go to Sac State. My parents made it possible to succeed as a college student because they brought me to this country from Mexico so I could have better opportunities in my education. They have worked hard so I can study and have a better education than they had. Both of my parents just graduated from high school and that was the last education they received. My parents always tell me that I have to study so I can have a great education, job and future. They don’t want me to suffer what they did like on founding jobs or on not having a good education. That’s why my parents inspired me to keep studying. They were my inspiration to keep studying and I’m going to make them be proud of me, so they can see that they educated me right and that all they did so I could have a better education. I want to show my family from Mexico that coming to USA to study wasn’t a waste of time, but a big opportunity to have a better education. Before I came to USA they use to say to me that coming to USA wasn’t a good idea because they thought that I wouldn’t be able to adapt to a new country, and language. They also thought that later in my life in this country, I would get married and work in the fields, but I want show them that they were wrong on what they said. While I’m in college, I would like to achieve passing my classes, graduating, and to improving my English skills. I would like to improve on my grammar and on writing essays because these two things are my weakness in English. My goals for the next few years is to transfer to Sac State so I could keep studying and graduate as a midwife. Once I’ve graduated from college and transfer to Sac State, I would like to move to an apartment so I could stay close to where I am studying or working. In the future, I see myself working in a hospital as a midwife helping women to give birth to their babies and enjoying it because that was my decision what I chose to my future. Some day in the future, I would like to have a family teach and give advices to my children’s about education and tell them that education can guarantee want you want for your future. By time I get old, I would like to be happy and proud of what I accomplish because my goal of keep studying and been a mi dwife. For me an education is like going to a new country and discovering more  about its culture. Success to me is a continued process of hard work, intelligence, extraordinary skills, and my goals that I complete. Also successful is that which makes me complete without any dissatisfaction and watching the happy faces of my parents because they are proud of what I’ve done. If I give a look back on my life, I hope I would have achieved putting more effort than I did before in learning English. I would do this because right I now that my English is a little bit bad and sometimes I have trouble in school and in my daily life because of it. I also would like to change on getting better grades because there was a time that my grades were so low and I wasn’t proud of it. I guess this happened because by that time everything was easy for me but now I know that was a great mistake. Education is important to me because it will have a great impact on later options I’ll have later in life. It’s important because I’m going to be the first of my family to graduate from college and I want to make my parents proud of me because they work hard to give me a better education than the one they had. I want them to see that I got a good education that helped me achieve my goals and that I’m someone with a great life and career.

Bad Influence Cartoon

Life is a learning experience; we live, we learn, and we grow. Sometimes I like to look at life on the monkey see, monkey do saying. Kids especially are known to do this. They tend to mimic everything that they see, and this is how they learn new things. On today’s television there are so many different shows and cartoons that kids learn things from some of the things they learn are great and other things are not so good for children viewing such as the cartoon Family Guy.People may look at Family Guy as a very funny cartoon but in all it’s actually a very rude show. When the creator came up with it I do not think that he/she thought that children would be into this show and I do not think that this cartoon was even made for children viewing because of its contents; but the fact still remains that they are looking at this show. Family Guy is not your ordinary cartoon. It has a lot of violence, sex, bad language, drinking, drugs, and smoking.Majority of the time either s omething has a bad influence or it has a good influence whether it be the friends we surround ourselves around, or the music we listen to but mainly what we visually encounter is what has the greater effect on who what we do and who we become. There is nothing good about Family Guy that would influence a child to head into the right direction. It does not teach children to be respectful in any way. The children that are watching this cartoon begin to mimic the baby whose name is Stewie and the dog named Brian.It does not help the show in anyway with making the dog and the baby the smartest family members of the show. Sometimes parents may be driving or cleaning for example and their child may say something that they never thought their child would say such as â€Å"damn†, and then, they may wonder where they get that from. Parents need to monitor the shows that their children watch because it’s a proven fact that kids imitate what they see.A lot of parents do overlook Family Guy because they may glance at what the kids are watching and just because they see cartoon characters they assume that it is ok. But it is a very rude, nasty, and degrading carton for kids to be viewing. In my opinion cartoons that are rated in the manner that Family Guy is, should not be allowed to be introduced on television as a cartoon. I know that’s what makes the show funny as it is for the adult viewers, but the oint is children are watching this. It’s very misleading to the adults and children that may have never saw the show before. Also since it is a cartoon and on national air, it should come on at very early morning hours such as 3am when kids are sleeping. So parents, take time out to sit down and watch what your children are watching to ensure that its child friendly, and that they are learning positive things, otherwise you will be amazed daily at what your children do and begin to say.

Why the society are treat women differntly Essay

Why the society are treat women differntly - Essay Example For example, femininity in women is perceived as a disadvantage in issues concerning participation in industrial activities which require upper body strength. It is for this reason that it may be found out that most of the industries especially those involving manual processes such as pushing, pulling, lifting among others, are dominated by men. Consequently, men have over the years exploited these opportunities, which are numerous, to build themselves economically thereby leaving majority of women to depend on their male counterparts for support. This has facilitated men with an opportunity to exercise control and authority in terms of decision making and occupation of competitive positions in government and the society in general, leaving the women to act as subordinates and which is totally wrong (Friedman, 32). In addition, women are perceived to be emotional such that they cannot manage tasks such as management and leadership, which require emotional intelligence, and which is s ocially constructed belief contributing to occupational sex segregation (Butler 40). In this context, women are perceived to be biologically weak in that they cannot make viable decisions when they are under pressure or when they have personal issues disturbing them.

Music Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Music Trends - Essay Example I believe that sampling is a positive thing in modern music. Sampling has gained a negative connotation among some people who argue that it is merely plagiarizing other peoples’ work or creations. Instead, sampling constitutes a means of creating new and hybrid forms of art. When one considers all forms of innovation there is the recurrent theme of past material being remixed or reimagined into new forms. Sampling then allows musicians to take complete advantage of digital technology and implement past styles and songs in the creation of new forms of musical expression. In some situations musicians should be required to pay other musicians for the use of their material. I believe that have a regulatory environment that places a strong emphasis on copyright infringement is not in the best interest of society. When independent or small scale musicians run the risk of a fine or lawsuit for sampling another musician’s music, then the legal system is too restrictive. However , in situations when the musician sampling the music is already well-established and there is significant monetary gain that is achieved, then I believe the law should be active in instituting regulations.

Critical Thinking in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking in Business - Essay Example It is recommended that the Director should immediately discuss the ground reality with the local governing authorities, the authorities should be requested for taking some remedial actions, and if not, and the authorities should be warned that the company might shun their Lagos branch. A developing country, with poor infrastructure, can not afford to lose foreign investment, and it is expected that the authorities will resolve the issue, and the malpractices of the client agents will get affected and sorted out. (Saxton, 1989) The recent studies have concluded that the application of comprehensive code of conduct and ethics had significant impact on the opinion with reference to ethical behavior in organization, and Thomas should adhere by it, the company's moral reputation should not be put at stake merely for the approval and satisfaction of client agents. It is understandable that codes of ethics can't help in solving the most difficult ethical problems in business, and it is important for the director to work out certain solution without compromising on the ethical values. If the malpractice of the company gets exposed to the international community, the company will have negative impact on its growth and operations. (Barnett, 1996) It is important to evolve and portray BIM as good business firm that is financially successful and economically efficient enterprise which would combine profit-making with social responsibility. Furthermore, it is expected that the firm provide handsome and suitable remuneration to its employees to become involved in their communities and eventually to transform into good corporate citizen. Therefore, Thomas should take some relevant measures after in consultation with the company's high management, and should provide possible and sufficient incentives to the employees, so that their personal need and greed should not make them compromise over the company's value. The question is not just about the Thomas crossing the floor, but his subordinates are likely to practice the similar approach, which is also a matter of concern, and should be avoided. The two significant consequences will reference to adoption of ethical techniques include, 1. Under modern conditions, ethics can be conceptualized in two different levels, i.e. ethics with reference to actions and ethics with reference to conditions of actions, i.e. based on rules or institutions, also called institutional ethics or order ethics. It is most important to avoid any existing or expected contradiction between the two. 2. Another important aspect is with reference to ethics under pre-modern conditions i.e. the selection of evaluation and selection of the rules. It is important to understand that adherence to common values as a foundation. In the age of globalization, the practice of agreement and consensus on values has diluted. (Davis, 2003) The Director Thomas Harvey has another option i.e. adoption of strategy for mutual advantages, such technique will surely resolved the dispute, if the involvement of the local authorities is to be ignored for any reason. The client agents and the company should bring themselves to justify ethical norms in terms of mutual advantages or benefits, in this regard; three different options can be evaluated.

I have a dream--situational analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

I have a dream--situational analysis - Essay Example This was the most famous speech he ever made which almost immortalized him. Dr. King, even to this day, remains an icon of anti racist movement. The rhetoric "I have a dream" became part of all the freedom movements to come and his words "Let freedom ring" reverberated from all corners of the world, as a sanctified slogan of freedom loving humankind. The rhetorical situation had many constraints at the time. Even though it was John Kennedy, one of the most exalted Presidents of America, the sworn enemy of racism, Kennedy had realized that it would take years to remove the evil from its roots. He was a new President, still testing the water of American politics and was not yet ready for a civil war like situation with the racial frenzy South. Things had not changed much from the days of Abe Lincoln. President Kennedy had to send federal troops to admit James Meredith to the University of Mississippi, in 1962, the very thing he really wanted to avoid. The President also had to order the marshals to accompany Meredith while attending his University Classes. King knew that in Kennedy he had a sympathizer and now it is known that Kennedy had already decided to do a lot for the rights of the black population, during his second term as President. But in 1963, even Kennedy was not in a position to do much to aid King. King knew that he had to fight his own battles, possibly with subtle help from the President and his Attorney General brother, Robert Kennedy. King's first task was generating support from the Black Community. There were a few fractions fighting for the civil liberty in an unorganized way. He knew that their strength lies in unity and undivided, fractionless black community. He knew that unless he did that, the movement had no chance of success. He also knew that President Kennedy's assassination in 1963 and the aspiring Presidential candidate, Robert Kennedy's murder in 1967, had removed any hope of administrative support for the movement, and the mild, rather wily successor, Lyndon Johnson never showed any such intention either by word or deed. King had to depend on his own rhetoric, wit, oratory and determination to make a success of the fight for civil liberties. This entire speech, its timing, location was towards that one particular goal. He had to enthuse and inspire them ('Let freedom ring'), explain and get them committed ('We cannot turn back'), and make them march with him towards the glittering goal of 'Free at last!' His eloquent speech was interrupted many times by the admiring frenzy of the audience that is the result of great purpose and happiness of having found a suitably inspiring leader at last for the cause. The rhetoric produced both short term and long-term effects. For the first time in recent decades black community of America was maintaining a united struggle for their